如何在springMVC 中对REST服务使用mockmvc 做测试

spring 集成测试中 对mock 的集成实在是太棒了！但是使用请注意一下3个条件。

junit 必须使用4.9以上

同时您的框架必须是用spring mvc?

spring 3.2以上才完美支持

目前使用spring MVC 取代struts2 的很多，spring MVC 的各种灵活让人无比销魂！所以使用spring MVC吧！

以前在对接口（主要是java服务端提供的接口（一般是：webService,restful））进行测试的中 一般用以下俩种方法。测试流程如图：

这方法各种麻烦

2 使用Spring 提供的RestTemplate

错误不好跟踪，必须开着服务器

使用mockMVC都不是问题了看使用实例：

使用事例如下：父类

import?org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import?org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import?org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import?org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import?org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@WebAppConfiguration

@ContextConfiguration(locations?=?{?"classpath:applicationContext.xml",

"classpath:xxxx-servlet.xml"?})

public?class?AbstractContextControllerTests?{

@Autowired

protected?WebApplicationContext?wac;

}

子类：

import?org.junit.Before;

import?org.junit.Test;

import?org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import?org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import?org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import?org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import?com.conlect.oatos.dto.status.RESTurl;

import?com.qycloud.oatos.server.service.PersonalDiskService;

//这个必须使用junit4.9以上才有。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

public?class?PersonalDiskMockTests?extends?AbstractContextControllerTests?{

private?static?String?URI?=?RESTurl.searchPersonalFile;

private?MockMvc?mockMvc;

private?String?json?="{\"entId\":1234,\"userId\":1235,\"key\":\"new\"}";

@Autowired

private?PersonalDiskService?personalDiskService;

@Before

public?void?setup()?{

//this.mockMvc?=?webAppContextSetup(this.wac).alwaysExpect(status().isOk()).build();

this.mockMvc?=?MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(personalDiskService).build();

}

@Test

public?void?readJson()?throws?Exception?{

this.mockMvc.perform(

post(URI,?"json").characterEncoding("UTF-8")

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

.content(json.getBytes()))

.andExpect(content().string("Read?from?JSON:?JavaBean?{foo=[bar],?fruit=[apple]}")

);

}

上面是简单的例子，实际使用起来可以稍做修改。记得导入spring -test jar 包。无需额外配置（是不是很方便！）

当然和junit 的assert 一起用的话效果更好。下面贴点例子。copy就能跑。

Java代码

package?com.qycloud.oatos.server.test.mockmvcTest;

import?static?org.junit.Assert.fail;

import?static?org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;

import?java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import?java.lang.reflect.Field;

import?org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import?com.conlect.oatos.dto.status.CommConstants;

import?com.conlect.oatos.dto.status.ErrorType;

public?class?MockUtil?{

/**?

*?mock? * *?@param?uri? *?@param?json? *?@return? *?@throws?UnsupportedEncodingException? *?@throws?Exception? */

public?static?String?mock(MockMvc?mvc,?String?uri,?String?json)

throws?UnsupportedEncodingException,?Exception?{

return?mvc

.perform(

post(uri,?"json").characterEncoding("UTF-8")

.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

.content(json.getBytes())).andReturn()

.getResponse().getContentAsString();

}

/**?

* *?@param?re?返回值? *?@param?object?要转换的对象? *?@param?testName?当前测试的对象? */

public?static??void?check(String?re,?Class?object,String?testName)?{

System.out.println(re);

if?(ErrorType.error500.toString().equals(re))?{

System.out.println("-----该接口测试失败：-----"

+?testName);

fail(re);

}?else?if?(CommConstants.OK_MARK.toString().equals(re))?{

System.out.println("-----该接口测试成功：-----"

+?testName);

}else{

System.out.println("-----re-----?:"+re);

}

if?(object?!=?null)?{

if?(re.contains(":"))?{

try?{

T?t?=?PojoMapper.fromJsonAsObject(re,?object);

System.out.println("-----该接口测试成功：-----"

+?testName);

}?catch?(Exception?e)?{

System.out.println("-----该接口测试失败：-----"

+?testName);

fail(e.getMessage());

}

}

}

}

/**?

*?初始化版本信息。每次调用测试用力之前首先更新版本信息? *?@param?mockMvc? *?@param?url? *?@param?fileId? *?@param?class1? *?@return? *?@throws?UnsupportedEncodingException? *?@throws?Exception? */

public?static??Long?updateVersion(MockMvc?mockMvc,?String?url,

Long?fileId,?Class?class1)?throws?UnsupportedEncodingException,?Exception?{

String?re?=?mock(mockMvc,?url,?fileId+"");

T?dto?=?PojoMapper.fromJsonAsObject(re,?class1);

Long?version?=?Long.parseLong(dto.getClass().getMethod("getVersion").invoke(dto).toString());?

System.out.println("version?=?"+version);

return?version;

}

}

使用如下：

Java代码

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

public?class?PersonalDiskMockTests?extends?AbstractContextControllerTests?{

private?MockMvc?mockMvc;

private?static?Long?entId?=?1234L;

private?static?Long?adminId?=?1235L;

@Autowired

private?PersonalDiskService?personalDiskService;

@Before

public?void?setup()?{

this.mockMvc?=?MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(personalDiskService)

.build();

}

/***?

*?pass? *?全局搜索企业文件? * *?@throws?Exception? */

@Test

public?void?searchPersonalFile()?throws?Exception?{

SearchFileParamDTO?sf?=?new?SearchFileParamDTO();

sf.setEntId(entId);

sf.setKey("li");

sf.setUserId(adminId);

String?json?=?PojoMapper.toJson(sf);

String?re?=?MockUtil.mock(this.mockMvc,?RESTurl.searchPersonalFile,

json);

MockUtil.check(re,?SearchPersonalFilesDTO.class,?"searchPersonalFile");

}

｝

当然@setup里面是每个@test执行时都会执行一次的，所以有些需要每次都实例化的参数可以放进来

如下：

Java代码

@Autowired

private?ShareDiskService?shareDiskService;

@Before

public?void?setup()?{

this.mockMvc?=?MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(shareDiskService)

.build();

try?{

initDatas();

}?catch?(Exception?e)?{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private?void?initDatas()?throws?UnsupportedEncodingException,?Exception?{

FileIdVersion?=?MockUtil.updateVersion(mockMvc,RESTurl.getShareFileById,FileId,ShareFileDTO.class);

File2IdVersion?=?MockUtil.updateVersion(mockMvc,RESTurl.getShareFileById,File2Id,ShareFileDTO.class);

oldPicFolderVersion?=?MockUtil.updateVersion(mockMvc,RESTurl.getShareFolderById,oldPicFolderId,ShareFolderDTO.class);

}

ok！基本使用大致如此，代码没有些注释，但是很简单，看懂是没问题的。权当抛砖引玉。希望大家加以指正！鹏仔 微信 15129739599

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